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XMEGA A [MANUAL]
8077I–AVR–11/2012
The PER register defines the PWM resolution. The minimum resolution is 2 bits (PER=0x0003), and the maximum
resolution is 16 bits (PER=MAX).
The following equation calculate the exact resolution for single-slope PWM (RPWM_SS):
The single-slope PWM frequency (fPWM_SS) depends on the period setting (PER) and the peripheral clock frequency
(fclkPER), and can be calculated by the following equation:
where N represents the prescaler divider used. The waveform generated will have a maximum frequency of half of the
peripheral clock frequency (fclkPER) when CCA is set to zero (0x0000) and no prescaling is used. This also applies when
using the hi-res extension, since this increases the resolution and not the frequency.
14.8.4 Dual-slope PWM
For dual-slope PWM generation, the period (T) is controlled by PER, while CCx registers control the duty cycle of the WG
output. Figure 14-16 shows how for dual-slope PWM the counter counts repeatedly from BOTTOM to TOP and then from
TOP to BOTTOM. The waveform generator output is set on BOTTOM, cleared on compare match when up-counting,
and set on compare match when down-counting.
Figure 14-16.Dual-slope pulse width modulation.
Using dual-slope PWM results in a lower maximum operation frequency compared to the single-slope PWM operation.
The period register (PER) defines the PWM resolution. The minimum resolution is 2 bits (PER=0x0003), and the
maximum resolution is 16 bits (PER=MAX).
The following equation calculate the exact resolution for dual-slope PWM (RPWM_DS):
The PWM frequency depends on the period setting (PER) and the peripheral clock frequency (fclkPER), and can be
calculated by the following equation:
R
PWM_SS
PER
1
+
log
2
log
---------------------------------
=
f
PWM_SS
fclk
PER
N PER
1
+
-----------------------------
=
CNT
MAX
TOP
Period (T)
BOTTOM
WG Output
CCx=BOTTOM
CCx
CCx=TOP
"match"
"update"
R
PWM_DS
PER
1
+
log
2
log
---------------------------------
=
f
PWM_DS
fclk
PER
2NPER
-------------------
=
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